2Hiroshi Ono. Does examination hell pay off A cost benefit analysis of "ronin" and college education in Japan. Economics of Education Review 26.2007, p. 274
3Asahi, S. Evening issue, August 2nd (a newspaper article) 'Daigaku Nyugakusha Sembatsu Hoho no Kaizen ni Kansuru Kaigi (The Board of University Entrance Examination Improvement) (1971)', Daigaku nyugakusha sembatsu hoho no kaizen nikansuru kaigi houkokusho (A report from the Board of University Entrance Examination Improvement). Tokyo: Daigaku Nyuushi Kaikaku Kyougikai.2000,p. 12
4Yamada, R. Daigaku ni okeru donyu kyoiku no jissai (The Actual Situation of Remedial Education in Higher Education Institutions). Osaka: Poole Gakuin Daigaku Donyu Kyoiku Kenkyukai (The Research Group on Remedial Education in Poole Gakuin University). 1999, pp.7 - 8.
5Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture). 21 seiki no daigaku zo to kongo no kaikakuhousaku ni tsuite Kyousouteki kankyo no naka de Kosei gakagayaku daigaku (A Vision of Universities in the 21st Century and Reform Measures: To be Distinctive Universities in a Competitive Environment (University Council Report) ). Tokyo: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture. 1998, pp. 14 - 16.
