大数据时代美国的教育大数据战略与实施

American Big Data Strategy in Education and the Implementation in the Era of Big Data

教育大数据成为推动各国教育系统性变革的重要力量。美国的教育大数据战略主要体现在国家宏观大数据规划及教育信息化等专项规划中,并以"州纵向追踪数据系统"为重点展开教育大数据战略基础性工程的数据库建设,作为国家发展战略的一部分在支撑教育决策、改进学校管理、推动教学创新、促进教育科研转型等方面发挥了积极作用。美国政府将教育视为大数据发展的基础性工程,并从健全教育数据管理机构,推进教育系统整体变革,强化学生数据隐私保护,吸纳多方力量共同参与等方面保障教育大数据战略的实施。

Big data in education has become an important force in promoting education reform globally. The American big data strategy in education is mainly reflected in the national micro big data strategy and the educational information technology planning, with the focus on Statewlde Longitudinal Data System as the core of educational database. As a part of national development strategy, the American big data strategy in education plays an active role in supporting educational decision-making, improving school management, promoting teaching innovation, and reforming educational researches. The U. S. government regards education as the fundamental project for the development of national big data strategy, and actively implements the strategy by setting up the edueational data management bodies, promoting the overall reform of the education system, protecting the students＇ data privacy, and attracting muhiple forces to participate in the big data strategy in education.