存在之解构 生存之真实——《在网下》的道德反讽意义

Deconstruction of Existentialism and Truth of Existence——Under the Net as a Moral Irony

《在网下》描述了青年艺术家杰克冲破自我幻想,认识到生活之真实性,最终收获了道德智慧和艺术创造力的故事。小说的两位主人公杰克和雨果分别代表了默多克哲学思考中的存在主义英雄和神秘主义英雄。杰克以自我为中心,无法感知他人的真实存在,而雨果有他者意识,强调真实和独特,拒绝理论化。通过叙事上的解构和情景反讽,默多克讽刺了存在主义的自由选择观,强调艺术与道德的本质都是对自我之外的他者世界的客观认知。

Under the Net is about Jake, a young artist who grows to get rid of his self fantasy and realizes the truth of reality, and who obtains moral intelligence as well as artistic creativity eventually. The two heroes Jake and Hugo stand for respectively the existentialist hero and the mystical hero of Murdoch. Jake is self-centred and unable to perceive the distinctive existence of others, while Hugo, aware of otherness, argues for the truth and particulars and rejects theorizing. By deconstructing the first--person narrative and using situational irony, Murdoch satires the concept of Existentialist free choice and strengthens her point that the essence of both art and morality is the perception of the objectiveness of others.