黑水城出土二则西夏文治杂病医方考

The Two Medical Prescriptions Treating Miscellaneous Diseases Written in Tangut Script Excavated from Heishui City

[目的]通过破译黑水城出土的二则西夏文治杂病医方,探讨西夏民族医学的发展概况及与中原医药文化的交流与融合。[方法]对出土的黑水城西夏文"治男女体内结块不能吞咽食物方""治男女大便不通方"两则杂病医方进行西夏文字整理、破译、释读,并结合中原医学相关理论,从病因病机、组方遣药等方面进行探讨。[结果]此二则西夏文治杂病医方具有西夏民间色彩,当为西夏民间医家所撰。[结论]西夏医学的医理多遵从中原医学理论,但同时又具有自己独特的西北民族特色,中原医学文化对周边民族医学有着深刻的影响。

[Objective]To discuss the medical development situation of Tangut and the medicine cultural communication and fusion of the Central Plains, it decoded the medical prescriptions treating miscellaneous diseases in Heishui town. [Methods]It is done by arranging, decoding and translating the excavated Heishui town Tangut script which treats the people who can＇t swallow food and the pharyngitis and treats the constipation of men and women. Besides it can connect with the medical theory of Central Plains to discuss from the pathology dosage and eating aspects. [Results]The two medical prescriptions of Tangut which treating miscellaneous diseases are imbued with strong folk features. So it should be recorded by Tangut doctor. [Conslusion]Most of the Tangut medical pathology come from the traditional Chinese medicine theory. But it also has its own uniqe national features. So the medical culture of Central Plains has a deep influence on other peripheral ethnomedicine.