哈尔滨市649名孕妇饮酒情况的横断面调查

Cross-section analysis of alcohol consumption among 649 pregnant women in Harbin

目的了解哈尔滨市孕妇饮酒的基本情况,对饮酒风险进行评估,为后续预防干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,随机抽取哈尔滨市2个城区2个县8所医院的649名孕妇进行问卷调查,采用TWEAK和T-ACE两个独立量表进行饮酒风险评估。结果被调查者的非孕期饮酒率为20.3%,孕期饮酒率为2.3%,不同文化程度女性孕期(χ2=11.519,P<0.05)、非孕期(χ2=22.710,P<0.05)饮酒率差异均有统计学意义,其中大学本科学历饮酒率最高,分别为37.0%和5.4%。农村地区女性非孕期和孕期饮酒率分别为29.9%和4.8%,均高于城市。TWEAK量表筛查结果显示,孕期(χ2=5.483,P<0.05)与非孕期(χ2=9.755,P<0.05)饮酒女性患酒精谱系障碍(FASD)风险均高于不饮酒女性,T-ACE量表筛查结果显示,孕期(χ2=6.136,P<0.05)与非孕期(χ2=9.93,P<0.05)饮酒女性患FASD风险同样高于不饮酒女性。结论哈尔滨地区女性饮酒情况适中,但孕期饮酒所致的健康风险,以及其对社会造成的潜在损失巨大,不容忽视。因此,加强孕期饮酒危害教育势在必行。

Objective To understand the current status of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Harbin and evaluate the risk of drinking so as to provide scientific basis for later prevention and intervention. Methods By multi-stage cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 649 pregnant women from 8 hospitals in 2 district and 2 county in Harbin. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder screening scale including T-ACE and TWEAK was used to evaluate dinking risk.Results The drinking rate of pregnant woman（ 2. 3%） during pregnancy was significantly lower than the rate that they were non-pregnant（ 20. 3%）. During both non-pregnancy（ χ2= 22. 710,P 0. 05） and pregnancy course（ χ2= 11. 519,P 0. 05）,the drinking rate among women with different degree of education had significant differences,and the bachelor degree（ 37. 0%,5. 4%） was higher than other degree. The drinking rate of non-pregnant women in county was 29. 9% and the pregnant women was 4. 8%,both significantly higher than those the women in city. The results of TWEAK demonstrated that the risk of FASD in drinking women were higher than non-drinking women,whether during pregnancy（ χ2= 5. 483,P 0. 05） or during non-pregnancy course（ χ2= 9. 755,P 0. 05）,The results of T-ACE showed that women who drank alcohol during both pregnancy（ χ2= 6. 136,P 0. 05） and non-pregnancy course（ χ2= 9. 93,P 0. 05） had the higher FASD risk than those who did not. Conclusion The drinking rate of pregnant women in Harbin is moderate,but the health risk and the potential huge costs to the society induced by drinking could not be ignored. It should strengthen the prevention and intervention of alcohol consumption in pregnant women and reduce health risk for pregnant women and fetuses.