黑龙江省2010-2017年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征及防控重点问题分析

Epidemiologic characteristics and major problems in control of human brucellosis in Heilongjiang province,2010-2017

目的掌握2010-2017年黑龙江省布鲁氏菌病流行特征,针对防控中的重点问题提出对策。方法依据全国法定传染病报告信息管理系统监测数据,对2010-2017年黑龙江省布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征进行分析,通过Map Info 11.0软件绘制疾病地图。结果 2010-2017年黑龙江省布鲁氏菌病出现1个大的流行高峰,2012年发病率最高,为19.43/10万。发病呈季节性,流行高峰期为3-7月。94.77%的报告病例处于20~69岁年龄段,报告病例性别比2.8∶1~3.3∶1,农牧民占88.52%。找出了漏报率较高、慢性化比率高、食源性感染增多、农牧民发病率高、规模型牧场感染增多5个防控重点问题,分析原因并提出对策。结论黑龙江省人间布鲁氏菌病自2014年开始呈现下降趋势,综合防控措施作用显现,但不应松懈,保持防控力度,针对重点问题持续发力。

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of human brucellosis in Heilongjiang province from2010 to 2017,focus on the key issues for its prevention and control and put forward some specific countermeasures. Methods The epidemiologic characteristics of human brucellosis were analyzed based on the data originated from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. The spatial distribution was described by disease mapping using Map Info 11. 0. Results There was one peak of human brucellosis incidence from 2010 to 2017. The highest incidence was 19. 43/100,000 in2012. A seasonal incidence presents with the epidemic period from March to July. The major infected population was aged between 20 to 69 with a percentage of 94. 77%. The gender ratio was 2. 8-3. 3： 1. Farmers and herdsmen occupied 88. 52% of all the cases. Find five key issues in prevention and control,including high omission rate,high chronic rate,increase of foodborne infection,high incidence of farmers and herdsmen and increase of infection in large-scaled pasture. And the reasons were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. Conclusion The epidemic situation of human brucellosis in Heilongjiang province has been on a downward trend since 2014 as the effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures has emerged. However,it should maintain prevention and control efforts and continue to exert efforts to tackle the key issues.