青岛市2007-2016年水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of varicella in Qingdao,2007-2016

目的分析2007-2016年青岛市水痘流行病学特征及发病趋势,为制定下一步防控策略提供依据。方法收集2007-2016年青岛市水痘病例发病时间、发病年龄、职业等资料,采用描述流行病学方法对其进行分析。结果10年间累计报告水痘27 104例,发病率为32.07/10万。发病集中在冬、春季,分别占发病总数的33.02%和33.50%。各年城区发病率均高于郊区,发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病例男女之比为1.26∶1;以0~19岁人群居多,占病例总数的73.12%,其中5~9岁组为高发年龄段。各类职业中,以学生、托幼儿童、散居儿童居多,占总数的75.81%。结论水痘具有高度传染性,其危害日益显著,建议提高水痘疫苗接种率,以形成有效的免疫屏障,切实降低发病率。

Objective To analyze epidemiologic features and incidence trend of varicella from 2007 to 2016 and provide reliable evidences for planning prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of the onset time,age and occupation of the case of varicella in Qingdao were collected from 2007 to 2016,and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze. Results There were totally 27 104 cases for ten years and the average incidence rate was 32. 07/100 000. The diseases mostly broke in winter and spring,respectively accounted for 33. 02% and 33. 50%. Incidence rate in urban was significantly higher than that in rural area every year（ P 0. 05）. The number of male cases was higher than the number of female cases（ 1. 26∶ 1） and the age of cases was mainly during 0 and 19 years old（ 73. 12%）. The 5-9 years old group was highly-break age group. During all kinds of occupations,students,pre-school children and scattered children group were in the majority,occupied by 75. 81%. Conclusions Varicella has highly-infectiousness and severely damaged health. Therefore,inoculation rate of varicella should be enhanced so that it could reduce the rate of incidence.