肛拭法在幼儿健康监测中的应用与探讨

Application and discussion of anal swab in infant health monitoring

目的评价肛拭法在幼儿健康监测中的实际应用效果,探讨幼儿预防保健的监测模式。方法收集2010-2016年应用肛周粘贴透明胶纸法监测的幼儿的相关资料,整理数据并进行统计分析。结果应用肛周粘贴透明胶纸法共监测幼儿园入园儿童11 146名,共发现246名幼儿感染,其中蛲虫感染242名,蛔虫感染4名,未发现其他虫种感染;男童寄生虫感染率为2.27%(141/6 217),女童为2.13%(105/4 929),两者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.242,P<0.05);4岁、5岁、6岁组儿童蛲虫感染率分别为0.89%(30/3 379)、1.94%(69/3 565)、3.50%(147/4 202),三者感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=60.926,P<0.05)。结论肛周粘贴透明胶纸法对检测蛲虫具有较高的便捷性和可及性,但对蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫缺乏有效性,男童与女童在寄生虫感染情况上无差异,但随着年龄的增长,寄生虫感染率升高,鉴于幼儿身心健康的重要性,对幼儿的健康监测宜采取肛周粘贴透明胶纸法结合改良式加藤法粪检。

Objective To evaluate the effect of anal swab on infant health monitoring and explore the monitoring mode of infant preventive health care. Methods The data of health monitoring of infants who using the application of anal swab were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2016. Results A total of 11 146 infants were examined from 2010 to 2016,246 childhood infections were identified,among which 242 were infected with pinworm and rest were infected with roundworm; the rate of parasitism in boys was 2. 27%（ 141/6 217）,while in girls was 2. 13%（ 105/4 929）,there was no significant difference between them（ χ2= 0. 242,P 0. 05）; the infection rate of pinworm in children aged 4 years,5 years and 6 years old group were 0. 89%（ 30/3 379）,1. 94%（ 69/3 565） and 3. 50%（ 147/4 202）,the infection rate among them was significant（ χ2= 60. 926,P 0. 05）. Conclusion Anal swab for the detection of pinworm has a high convenience and accessibility,but lack of effectiveness for roundworm,whipworm and hookworm,there is no difference on the infection rate of parasitism between boys and girls,but with the increase of age,the infection rate of parasites increased,in view of the importance of physical and mental health of infant,it should be taken anal swab and modified Kato method on infant＇s health monitoring.