CRISPR/Cas9系统在作物基因组编辑中的研究进展

The Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 System in Crop Genome Editing

CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术通过向导RNA的介导和Cas9蛋白的切割来实现对靶基因的定点编辑,由于该技术简便、高效的特点,在作物基因组编辑中被广泛使用。本研究主要对CRISPR/Cas9系统的组成与分类,工作原理以及g RNA构建方法进行了系统的介绍,并针对该系统存在的脱靶效应,总结了相应策略。同时,总结了在作物基因组编辑中CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用及研究进展情况,并对CRISPR/Cas9系统在作物基因编辑研究的方向做了展望,为作物的基因功能研究和分子设计育种提供参考。

The CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing technique achieves site-specific editing of target genes through the mediation of the wizard RNA and the cleavage of the Cas9 protein. Because of its simplicity and efficiency, it has been widely used in crop genome editing. In the review, we introduced the composition, classification, working principle and gRNA construction method of CRISPR/Cas9 system. The corresponding strategies to solve the off-target effect of the system were also summarized. At the same time, we summarized the research progress and the prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 system in crop genome editing, and prospected the prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 system in crop gene editing research which could provide reference for the research of crops＇ gene function and molecular design breeding.