农村教师单向流动的原因及应对策略——基于社会认同动机理论视角

Causes for the One-way Flow of Rural Teachers and Coping Strategies in a Perspective of Social Identity Theory

当前农村学校教师队伍不稳定,存在向城镇流动、离职、转岗的现象,这是外部环境因素和内部教师职业认同因素交互作用的结果。从社会认同动机理论来看,导致农村教师出现不合理单向流动的主要原因有:农村教师职业尊严受挫;长期伴有职业无助感,认知安全感较低;缺乏职业归属感,个体需要得不到满足;体验不到自己职业的价值感和意义感等。农村教师是农村教育的基石,留住或吸引优秀教师在农村学校任教是当前发展乡村教育急需解决的重要问题,而要解决这一问题的关键之一是提升农村教师对其职业的内在认同。

Nowadays teachers in rural schools can＇t keep their minds on their work. Some of them have left office,some have changed their jobs,and many of them desire to teach in the city. It is the interaction of the external factor（ environment） and the internal factor（ teachers＇ professional identity） that results in these phenomena. From the perspective of social identity theory,rural teachers＇ professional dignity is impaired;they always have the sense of professional helplessness and their sense of cognitive security is lower; they lack the sense of professional belonging and their individual needs cannot be satisfied; they cannot experience the sense of professional value and meaning. All of these lead to the unreasonable one-way flow of rural teachers.The most important problem to solve in rural education is to let rural teachers stay on in rural schools and to attract excellent teachers to teach in rural schools because they are the cornerstones of rural education. And the key to solving the problem is to let rural teachers establish their professional internal identity.