美国补充性师资培养路径特点及发展问题

Characteristics and Development of the Alternative Teacher Preparation Program in America

传统以大学为基础的师资培养路径具有培养良好的"教师胜任感"及传统管控路径的合理性等优势,但也面临着诸多挑战。"为美国而教"的补充性师资培养项目体现出入口解制(对人才的吸引而非壁垒)、职业缓冲(与青年人职业预期的匹配)和市场优势(群体勋章及文凭增值)等特点。从我国师范教育的现状及我国城乡教育不均衡的国情来看,补充性师资培养具有重构教与学的潜力,但也要考虑专业性、公平性及情境化问题,需深化项目特征与影响之关联的案例研究,以及充分考虑在地情境来设计补充性师资培养项目。

The traditional university-based teacher training has its advantages in cultivating teachers＇ sense of competence and the rationality of its controlling approaches,but also faces many challenges. ＂Teach for America＂,an alternative teacher preparation program,has gotten rid of the pattern of traditional teacher training and formed its own characteristics. It is characterized by its personnel entrance deregulation,professional preparation and market advantage. As far as the present situation of teacher education in China and the unbalanced education between city and countryside are concerned,the teaching and learning in alternative teacher preparation need to be reconstructed,but enough attention ought to be paid to professionalization,fairness and contextualization,further the case study of the relation between the characteristics and influence of the program,and design the alternative teacher preparation program according to the specific situation.