长江经济带大气环境效率的时空异质性与驱动因素研究

Study on the Temporal-Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Factors of Air Environmental Efficiency for Yangtze River Economic Zone

将大气污染物视为"坏"产出,基于SBM-Undesirable模型与Global Malmqusit-Luenberger(GML)生产率指数实证测算2006~2015年间长江经济带11省市的大气环境效率与大气环境全要素生产率,并考察其时空异质特征与驱动因素,利用泰尔指数分解方法揭示大气环境效率地区差距的形成根源,通过构建"效率-生产率"矩阵分析长江经济带各省市大气环境效率提升的优势与不足。结果表明:长江经济带大气环境效率整体水平偏低,不同地区差异较大且在考察期间维持了下降趋势,大气污染减排潜力巨大;长江上游、中游与下游三大地区之间差距与长江上游地区内部省市之间差距是长江经济带大气环境效率地区差距形成的主要根源;大气环境全要素生产率提升完全依靠技术进步来驱动,技术效率恶化是长江经济带大气环境生产率提升的主要障碍;不同省市大气环境效率提升的优势与不足存在差异,因而必须因地制宜地制定大气污染防治对策。研究结论可以为长江经济带改善大气环境质量、促进经济社会可持续发展提供决策依据。

Regarding air pollutant as bad output,this paper evaluates air environmental efficiency and air environmental total factor productivity of 11 provinces for Yangtze River Economic Zone（ YREZ） during the period of 2006-2015 and investigates the temporal-spatial heterogeneity based on SBM-Undesirable model and Global Malmquist-Luenberger（ GML） productivity index. Then using Theil index decomposition approach to reveal the sources of regional differences of YREZ ＇s air environmental efficiency and build ＂efficiencyproductivity＂matrix to investigate the advantage and disadvantage of improving air environmental efficiency of 11 provinces in YREZ. The empirical results show that the YREZ＇s air environmental efficiency is relatively low,regional differences are significantly existed with downtrend during the study period,large potential of air pollutant reduction is indicated. It is found that the gap between YREZ＇s upstream,midstream and downstream and the gap between the provinces of YREZ ＇s upstream are the major sources of the regional gap of YREZ ＇s air environmental efficiency; Technical progress is the major driver of YREZ ＇s air environmental total factor productivity,and technical efficiency deterioration seriously block the improvement of YREZ＇s air environmental productivity. The advantage and disadvantage for improving air environmental efficiency is different in YREZ＇s 11 provinces. As a result,each province should take targeted measure to control air pollutant. The conclusion of this paper can help YREZ to improve air environmental efficiency and realize sustainable development.