焦作市疟疾防治历程及消除技术研究

Process of malaria prevention and control and research on malaria elimination technique in Jiaozuo

目的了解焦作市疟疾流行概况及防治历程,总结焦作市消除疟疾工作经验,评价疟疾防治效果,为制定消除疟疾达标后的的防治策略提供依据。方法收集焦作市1950—2016年疟疾防治规划、计划、技术方案、疫情报告数据、防控措施和效果等资料,按照国家《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从消除措施、保障措施、防控效果等方面进行分析和评价。结果疟疾曾经是严重危害焦作市人民群众身体健康和生命安全的重大寄生虫病之一,经过60多年的反复防控,全市疟疾疫情得到全面控制,疟疾发病率从最高185.19/万(1954年)降至1984年的1/万以下,2010年起无本地病例报告。全市疟疾防控工作经历了控制流行、基本消灭、基本消灭后监测、消除疟疾四个阶段。消除疟疾阶段焦作市按照《河南省消除疟疾实施方案》要求开展消除疟疾工作,建立了消除疟疾机制,年血检率达2‰以上,疟疾监测网络健全,发生的43例输入性疟疾疫情均及时有效控制。结论焦作市经过多年疟疾防治,连续7年无本地疟疾病例报告,达到消除疟疾标准。后期的防治工作重点是加强输入性病例的监测。

Objective To understand the malaria situation and control course in Jiaozuo City, summarize the eliminating malaria work experiences, and evaluate the malaria control effect, so as to provide the evidence for developing control strategies after achieving the goal of malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria prevention and control planning, technical scheme, epidemic situation, and control measures were collected, analyzed and evaluated according to the National Evaluation Schemes for Malaria Elimination （2014 edition） in Jiaozuo City from 1950 to 2015. Results Malaria was once one of the major parasitic diseases that seriously endangered the health and safety of the people in Jiaozuo City. The malaria epidemic has been totally controlled after 60 years＇ repeated prevention and control work. The incidence of malaria decreased from the highest （185.19/104） in 1954 to below 1/104 in 1984, and since 2010, no local malaria cases have been reported. The process of malaria prevention and control experienced four stages, transmission controlled, basic elimination, monitoring, and elimination. During the phase of malaria elimination, in Jiaozuo City, the malaria elimination work was carried out according to the requirements of Implementation Plan of Malaria Elimination in Henan Province, and the mechanism of malaria elimination was established. The annual blood test rate reached more than 2‰, the malaria surveillance network was sound, and 43 imported cases were controlled both timely and effectively. Conclusions There has not been any local malaria cases reported in Jiaozuo City for 7 consecutive years, and the city has achieved the goal of malaria elimination. The surveillance on imported malaria cases should be the focus of prevention and control in the late-phase.