热带地区某医院各季度医院感染发病情况初步分析

Influence of seasonal change on incidence of healthcare-associated infection in tropical regions

目的探讨热带地区季度变化对医院感染发病率影响的研究,为预防与控制医院感染提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2014—2016年热带地区某医院住院患者医院感染情况进行回顾性分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2014—2016年共监测住院患者112 640例,发生医院感染2 026例,医院感染发病率为1.80%;各季度医院感染发病率比较,差异有统计学意义,其中第二季度(1.98%)最高,第四季度(1.62%)最低;医院感染部位以下呼吸道(42.84%)为主,其次为上呼吸道(15.20%)、泌尿道(12.73%)、胃肠道(6.71%)、血液(5.82%)。结论医院感染发病率呈现较低水平,反映医院感染管控措施的落实取得了成效;热带地区医院感染发病率与季度变化密切相关,且不同于其他地区研究,提示环境污染与居民健康、医院感染亦密切相关,污染治理刻不容缓;热带地区医院感染发病部位与季度变化密切相关,医疗机构应根据医院感染变化特点,针对性制定医院感染防控措施;同时,热带地区医院感染的研究需考虑地区差异性、季度差异性、感染部位差异性。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the incidence of healthcare-associated infection （HAI） and seasonal change in tropical regions, so as to provide the evidence for seasonal HAI prevention and control. Methods The occurrence of HAI among inpatients in a hospital between 2014 and 2016 was analyzed retrospectively with the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results Of 112 640 inpatients, 2 026 developed of HAI, and the incidence of HAI was 1.80%. The highest incidence of HAl was in the second quarter （1.98%） and lowest in the fourth quarter （1.62%） （P〈0.05）; The main HAI site was the lower respiratory tract （42.84%）, followed by the upper respiratory tract （15.20%）, urinary tract （12.73%）, gastrointestinal tract （6.71%）, and blood stream （5.82%）. Conclusions The incidence of HAI is at a low level, which shows the preventive and control measures have yielded results. The occurrence of HAI is closely related to the seasonal change in tropical regions, and it is different from other regions, which shows that the environmental pollution is closely related to residents＇ health and HAl. The infectious site is also closely related to the seasonal change, and therefore, the appropriate control measures should be taken according to it, so as to prevent and control HAI. In addition, the seasonal variations, regional variations, and infection site variations need to be taken into account in HAI research.