乌兹别克斯坦铀成矿地质特征

Geological Characteristics of Uranium Mineralization in Uzbekistan

乌兹别克斯坦位于中亚腹地,铀矿资源丰富。在总结乌兹别克斯坦区域地质构造特征基础上,将其大地构造单元划分为3个一级构造单元、6个二级构造单元及部分三级构造单元,综合分析认为,其中9个构造单元具有铀成矿物质基础。砂岩型铀矿床和碳硅泥岩型铀矿床主要在新构造期成矿,集中分布在中克孜勒库姆地块志留系-石炭系被动大陆边缘。火山岩型铀矿床在早二叠世成矿,集中分布在库拉明石炭纪-二叠纪火山盆地。在中克孜勒库姆地块志留系-石炭系被动大陆边缘、库拉眀石炭纪-二叠纪火山盆地、前咸海地块、吉萨尔地块、阿姆河古近系陆表海盆地构造单元还发现了8种非常规铀矿化。研究乌兹别克斯坦南天山砂岩型铀成矿特征对中国境内天山小型山间盆地寻找铀矿具有指导作用,火山岩型铀矿床对广泛发育火山岩的中国西北地区有一定的借鉴作用。同时,积极参与乌兹别克斯坦的非常规铀矿研究,对拓宽常规铀矿认识及合作具有重要意义。

Uzbekistan, located in the hinterland of Central Asia, is rich in uranium resources. By summari- zing regional geological structural characteristics of Uzbekistan, this study divides its tectonic units into 3 first-level tectonic units, 6 secondary tectonic units and several third-level tectonic units. After comprehen- sive analysis,9 of them are considered to have material foundation with uranium mineralization. Minerali- zation of sandstone type uranium deposits and carbonate-siliceous-politic rock type uranium deposits were mainly concentrated in the Neotectonic period in the Kyzylkum block Silurian-Carboniferous passive conti- nental margin. While mineralization of volcanic-type uranium deposits happened in Early Permian in Per- too-Carboniferous Kuramin volcanic basin. 8 unconventional uranium deposits are discovered in Middle Kyzylkum Block Silurian-Carboniferous passive continental margin, Kuramin Permo-Carboniferous volcan- ic basin, foreland Caspian Sea block, Gissar block and Amu Darya Palaeogene epicontinental sea basin. Re- searching on mineralization characteristics of sandstone type uranium deposits in South Tien Shan in the territory of Uzbekistan will guide the exploration of small-sized in intermountain basin of Tien Shan in the territory of China. Besides, active study of the unconventional uranium deposits in Uzbekistan has great significance for broadening the understanding and cooperation of conventional uranium mine.