正义观视角下的腐败与反腐败问题

Anti-Corruption from the Perspective of Justice

腐败的概念,应该从主观层面、客观层面、程序层面以及结果层面来界定。在主观层面上,腐败是指欲从清廉与责任意识中脱离的意图性性格;在客观层面上,腐败是既侵害公益又不法获取私益的行为;在程序层面上,腐败是在不透明的、非公开的、不公正的交易关系中引发的;在结果层面上,腐败是指各种金钱性、机会性利得的产生或享有。因此,腐败概念中包含有"清廉""公益性""透明性"等要素。其中,"清廉"要素与"主观的正义原则"相直接关联,"公益性"要素即公共利益的保护与"客观的正义原则"相直接关联,"透明性"要素则与程序的、形式的正义相密切关联。而通过社会教育获得正义感,才是构建、维持和发展清廉、透明的社会的原动力。

The concept of corruption should be defined from the subjective, objective, procedural and outcome aspects. In the subjective aspect, corruption refers to the intentional character which deviates from the sense of integrity and responsibility. In the objective aspect, corruption refers to an act that is not only against the public interests, but also is aimed to obtain illegally private benefits. In the procedural aspect, corruption is rooted in the transaction of opaque, confidential and unfair relationships. In the aspect of the outcome, corruption refers to the generation or enjoyment of various kinds of speculative pecuniary gains. Therefore, the concept of corruption contains such elements as ＂integrity＂, ＂public interests＇and ＂transparency＂. Among them, the element of ＂integrity＂ is directly related to ＂the principle of subjective justice＂; the element of ＂public interests＂, i.e. the protection of public interests, is directly related to ＂the principle of objective justice＂; the element of ＂transparency＂ is closely related to the procedural and formal justice. It is the motive force for building, maintaining and developing a clean and transparent society to have the sense of justice through social education.