施用生物质炭和羊粪对宿根连作茶园根际土壤微生物的影响

Effects of biochar and sheep manure on rhizospheric soil microbial community in continuous ratooning tea orchards

茶树长期宿根连作会导致土壤酸化严重、土壤营养不平衡、根际土壤微生态结构恶化.研究生物质炭、羊粪对宿根连作茶树生长以及土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,探讨其对宿根连作茶树土壤环境的调节效果,可为宿根连作茶园土壤微生态的改善提供理论依据.本研究以宿根连作20年的茶园土壤为对象,利用Biolog技术和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,研究施用生物质炭(40 t·hm^(-2))和羊粪替代部分化肥对连作茶树产量和品质、土壤化学性质、根际土壤微生物群落功能和结构的影响.结果表明:施用生物质炭、羊粪1年后酸化茶园土壤的p H和土壤养分显著提高,并提高了茶叶产量.与常规施肥相比,施用生物质炭、羊粪替代部分化肥处理显著提高了茶树根际土壤微生物的碳源代谢活性和微生物多样性,对胺类、碳水化合物和聚合物的相对利用有所增加.生物质炭和羊粪处理的根际土壤总PLFA含量分别比常规施肥处理提高了20.9%和47.5%,羊粪处理还显著降低了总饱和/总单一不饱和脂肪酸比例.生物质炭和羊粪可改善茶园土壤酸化状况和土壤肥力,对宿根连作茶树的生长具有促进作用,两种措施均不同程度地增加了土壤微生物的代谢活性和微生物量、提高了多样性指数、改善了微生物群落结构.施用生物质炭和羊粪可作为调节宿根连作茶园根际土壤微生态的有效措施.

Long-term continuous ratooning of tea could lead to serious soil acidification, nutritional imbalance, and the deterioration of the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. Understanding the effects of biochar and sheep manure on the growth of tea plants and the rhizosphere microbial community structure and function would provide theoretical basis to improve the soil micro-ecologi- cal environment of continuous ratooning tea orchards. Biolog technology combined with phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） approaches were employed to quantify the effects of biochar （40 t ~ hm-2 ） and sheep manure on the growth of 20 years continuous ratooning tea plants, soil chemical properties, and the soil microbial community structure and function. The results showed that after one year treatment, biochar and sheep manure both improved soil pH and nutrition, and significantly enhanced tea production. Compared with the routine fertilizer application （CK）, the biochar and sheep manure treatments significantly increased the carbon metabolic activity （AWCD） and microorganism diversity in the rhizosphere soils, and increased the relative utilization of the carbon sources such as amines, carbohydrates, and polymers. The total PLFA concentrations in the biochar and sheep manure treatments were significantly increased by 20.9% and 47.5% than that in the routine fertilizers application. IF. addition, sheep manure treatment significantly decreased the satu- rated/monosaturated fatty acids In conclusion, biochar and sheep manure could alleviate soil acidi- fication, enhance soil nutrition and the growth of tea plants. Both management strategies could increase the soil microbial activity and biomass, enhance the diversity, and improve the microbial community structure, which could be taken as effective measures to regulate the rhizosphere micro- environment of tea plants.