动静载叠加诱发煤岩瓦斯动力灾害原理及防治技术

Mechanism of coal-gas dynamic disasters caused by the superposition of static and dynamic loads and its control technology

基于煤岩瓦斯动力灾害严重影响到煤矿安全生产,提出了动静载叠加诱发高静载、强动载和低临界应力3种类型动力灾害原理;建立煤矿开采静载、矿震动载和瓦斯压力的表达式.总结了含瓦斯煤岩动力灾害监测预警及防治理论与技术,包括冲击矿压监测方面的分区分级监测预警、微震监测法、电磁辐射、弹性波CT和震动波CT等,煤与瓦斯突出监测方面的钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法、R指标法和电磁辐射法等,以及灾害治理方面的强度弱化减冲原理及手段、巷道围岩控制的强弱强结构效应及围岩动静载的支护体系、区域及局部防突技术.煤岩瓦斯动力灾害未来研究方向主要是:1)将动静载叠加原理进一步定量化表示;2)构建适用于煤岩瓦斯复合型灾害的监测预警指标体系;3)将冲击矿压和煤与瓦斯突出的防治措施有机的结合起来.

Due to the coal mine safety production being seriously affected by the coal-gas dynamic disasters,the superposition mechanism of static and dynamic loads was proposed,which includes three types of dynamic disasters：high static load,high dynamic load and low critical load.The expressions of static loads,dynamic loads and gas pressures were established.Besides,the theory and technology of monitoring and prevention of coal-gas dynamic disasters were summarized.As for rockburst,the main monitoring methods includes：regional and classified monitoring,microseismic monitoring,electromagnetic radiation,elastic wave CT,shock wave CT and so on.While the common monitoring measures of outburst are drilling hole gas emission rate,Rindex and electromagnetic radiation and so on.Furthermore,the major means of prevention are as follows：the intensity weakening theory and method,strong-soft-strongstructure for controlling roadway surrounding rock,supporting system resisting to dynamic and static loads and regional outburst prevention technology.Moreover,the future research directions of coal-gas dynamic disasters are：1）the superposition mechanism of static and dynamic loads can be further quantitatively represented.2）the monitoring and warning index system of coal-gas dynamic disasters should be established.3）the prevention methods of rockburst and outburst can be organically combined.