“天道性命相贯通”——论中国古代哲学的二维结构

Subjectivity and morality as the dichotomy of ancient Chinese philosophy

中国古代哲学自先秦发展至今,已形成为一独特的意义系统。这一意义系统主要由两股气质来支撑:一是深沉、饱满、探求生命意义的儒家,二是超拔、洒脱、追求自然价值的道家。儒、道之共性,乃汤一介所谓之"内在超越",其有别于宗教形态之"外在超越",无需诉诸于"上帝"等外在形式。此"内在超越"之特质,与宋明理学以及"三教合一"的思潮一经融汇,便形成了"天道性命相贯通"的理论架构。此架构之于中国哲学史主要有两大意义:一是充分提升了"仁"的价值内涵,二是将孔孟的德性之学推向了形而上的哲学高峰。

Ancient Chinese philosophy is essentially composed of a semantic system of moral and value,which is supported by two schools.One is a deep,full,life-seeking Confucianism,and the other is the transcendental,free and easy,nature-pursuing Daoism.The common features shared by Confucianism and Daoism are their inner transcendence,unlike the outer transcendence pursued by religions,according to Tang Yijie.This develops the fundamental theoretical framework of ancient Chinese philosophy.