弥散核燃料燃烧演化过程中的关键力学问题

Key Mechanical Problems in Dispersion Nuclear Fuels During Their Burning Evolution Process

为了实现核能的可持续发展,需要研发第四代先进核能系统,其同时具有高安全性、高经济性、核废料最小化和防核扩散的特点.加速器驱动的次临界系统(Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System,简称ADS)是具有上述特点的一种先进核能系统,弥散核燃料在其中具有良好的应用前景.弥散核燃料是一种非均质核燃料,在结构上类似于颗粒复合材料,也称为惰性基体燃料.本文主要针对ADS用弥散核燃料,给出其在反应堆高温、高压和辐照环境中的关键力学问题,阐述其所具有的多尺度和多场耦合特征,介绍其在理论建模和数值求解等方面的相关研究进展,并提出研究展望.

In order to realize the sustainable development of nuclear energy, research and development for the Generation-IV advanced nuclear systems need to be performed. They should have the characteristics being of high safety and economic benefits together with minimal wastes and proliferation resistance. Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System（ADS） is such a kind of advanced system. The performances of nuclear fuels directly relate to the safety, the economic benefits and the reliability of nuclear reactors, and dispersion nuclear fuels have a promising application prospect in advanced nuclear systems. Dispersion nuclear fuels are a kind of heterogeneous fuel, similar to particle composites in the structure, and are also called Inert-Matrix Fuels（IMF）. Mainly for the dispersion nuclear fuels used in ADS, the key mechanical problems under the high-temperature, high-pressure and irradiation environment are given in this review and the characteristics of multi-scale and multi-field coupling are elaborated. Besides, the relevant research status and progress in theoretical modeling and numerical solution are given and some research trends are pointed out.