一元到多元:改革开放以来我国养老模式的探索

One Yuan to Multivariate:Pension Mode in China since Reform and Opening up the Exploration

养老问题一直是党和政府关心的问题,党和政府一直在探索既适合我国国情,又满足老人需求,还能调动各方力量积极参与有中国特色的养老模式。建国伊始,国家就建立了政府包办具有福利性质养老模式,但是这种大包大揽养老随着社会的发展弊端日益突出。改革开放后,养老开始由政府向社会转移,居家养老和社区养老逐渐兴起。而随着计划经济向市场经济转变,市场化养老是大势所趋,导致养老产业兴起。而现今进入多元化社会,虚拟养老、以房养老和宗教养老等多元养老方式在各地不断尝试。这一路探索反映随着时代的发展养老主体和养老方式、养老内容随着经济社会的发展而不断变迁。

Pension problem has been the concern of the party and government, the party and the government have been explore suitable for China＇s national conditions, and meet the demand of the old man, also can mobilize all forces to actively participate in endowment pattern with Chinese characteristics. At the beginning of the founding of the state, the state established the government to provide the pension model with the welfare state, but the development of the pension system was increasingly prominent with the development of the society. After the reform and opening up, the old-age pension began to be transferred from the government to the society. However, as the planned economy changes to the market economy, the market-oriented old-age pension is the trend, leading to the rise of the pension industry. Nowadays, we are entering a pluralistic society, and we are constantly trying to provide a virtual old-age pension, housing and religious pension. This exploration reflects the development of the old-age pension system and old-age pension system and the content of old-age pension with the development of economy and society.