电子商务的福利效应及其作用机理分析

Analysis of Welfare Effects and Mechanisms of E-commerce

电子商务的蓬勃发展对消费、流通、生产均产生了巨大影响,激发了中国经济增长的新活力。随着电子商务继续深入融入日常生活,其福利效应表现越加明显,通过更广的覆盖范围和更加透明的商品信息展示,电子商务增加了消费选择集,降低了交易成本并推动创新,实现与消费升级的互相促进,尤其在助力残疾人就业、精准扶贫、养老护理等社会事业发展方面做出了重要贡献。但也面临生产者凭借大数据技术摄取消费者剩余、不正当竞争降低福利水平、电子商务征税造成社会福利损失等问题,未来的发展需要进一步规范和引导,注重提升消费者购物体验,不断推进电商与社会事业发展相结合,以增强电子商务福利效应的正外部性。

The vigorous development of e-commerce has a great impact on consumption, circulation and production, which has stimulated the vitality of China＇s economic growth. As e-commerce continues into everyday life, its welfare effect is more obvious, by covering a wider range and more transparent commodity information display, it increase consumer choice set, reduce transaction costs and promote innovation, realize the mutual promotion with consumption upgrade. It has especially made an important contribution to the employment of the disabled, precise poverty alleviation and nursing care for the aged. But it is also faced some questions such as firms obtain consumer surplus with big data technology, unfair competition reduces the welfare level and taxation of electronic commerce causes loss of social welfare. The future development of e-commerce need to further standardize and guide enterprise＇s operation behavior, pay attention to enhance the consumer shopping experience, constantly promote the integration of e-commerce and social undertakings, and enhance the positive externality of e-commerce welfare effect.