黄土高原、军民生产与“最优合约”——从“井田之谜”切入

Loess Plateau,the military and civilian corporation,and optimal contract:Mystery of the Square-field system

陕甘边区的军民大生产运动之所以能够激发出最大活力,"小米加步枪"这一军民合作模式之所以有力量,是因为实现了在外部威胁条件下的生产能力与防御能力的最优均衡。源于西周的井田制实质上就是军事屯田制,这一制度解决的主要不是土地产权问题,而是士与农或牧与农之间的劳动分工和谷物归属问题,其中蕴藏着一种宪制意义上的"最优合约"——"生产交换保护",或"纳税交换/兑现保护"。在黄河中上游一带的黄土高原上生存和发展,缺乏的不是土地,而是最优的制度安排。以黄土高原为锚点,以"军民合作"为主线,便可对大历史视野中的强盛中国及其动力之源提出一个通贯性的解释。

The reason why the Military and Civilian Production Movement of Shanxi and Gansu Border Areas can stimulate the greatest vitality,and the military and civilian cooperation model——Millet plus rifle has the great advantage,because it makes full use of balance point between the production capacity and the defensive capacity under external threat conditions. The square-field system originated in Western Zhou Dynasty is the Military garrison in essence,as chiefly solves the question about the division of labor and grain ownership between soldiers or herders and peasants rather than the land property right,which embodies a constitutional optimal contract,namely,the production exchange protection or the tax change or the redeeming exchange. In fact,the living and development in Loess Plateau,located in the upstream area of the Yellow River,lack the optimal system rather than the land. There would be a consistent definition for the prosperous China and the powerful source under the macro historical perspective if we regarded the Loess Plateau as the anchor,and ＂the military and civilian cooperation＂as the main line.