基于激光测距的火车车轴轮座直径非接触式测量方法研究

Study on Non-Contact Measurement Method by Laser Ranging for Wheel Seat Diameter of Train Axle

为了实现火车轮对压装前对车轴轮座直径的非接触式在线实时测量,在普通车床的横向溜板上换装上高精度激光测距传感器及其微调装置,根据激光测距传感器到车床轴线距离不变的原理,实现相应位置零件外径的准确测量。通过对两根已知直径的标准量棒的测量,对激光线仰角α进行了标定,消除了激光线仰角产生的误差,并分析了激光线摆角β的误差影响,此测量系统能达到轮对压装工艺要求的测量精度。

In order to realize the real-time measurement of the wheel seat diameter of axle before press-fitting, this paper presents a non-contact on-line measurement method based on high precision laser ranging. That is installed on a high precision laser ranging sensor and its fine-tuning device in the lathe transverse slide carriage device. According to the principle of distance invariance between laser distance measurement sensor and the lathe axis distance, so the accurate measurement of the outer diameter of the corresponding position is realized. Through the measurement of two standard rods, the elevation angle of the laser line is calibrated, and the error of the elevation angle of the laser line is eliminated, and analyze the influence of the error of the laser line angle ft. The measurement system can reach the wheelset press-fitting required measurement accuracy.