湖北省居民饮用水氟含量分布情况分析

Distribution of fluorine content in drinking water of residents in Hubei Province

目的 查清湖北省居民饮用水氟含量的分布状况，制作水氟分布地图，为湖北省制订精细化的饮水型氟中毒防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2013 - 2015年，在湖北省的116个县（市、区，含开发区、风景区和农场），按不同的供水方式（集中式供水、农村小型集中式供水和分散式供水），对居民饮用水进行抽样。集中式供水抽取水源水和末梢水各1份；分散式供水以行政村为单位，每村至少采集饮用水水样3份。采用离子选择电极法检测水氟含量；采用ArcGIS 10.2软件绘制县级水氟分布图。结果 全省共采集38 284份水样，居民饮用水氟含量中位数为0.21 mg／L；高氟水以压把井水最多（64／100，64.0%），水库水未检出氟超标水样；集中式供水氟超标水样主要散在分布于湖北省西北部和东部；分散式供水氟超标水样主要散在分布于中北部，东部也有散在分布。结论 湖北省饮用水氟含量普遍偏低，但仍存在分散式供水氟含量超标情况。此外，改水降氟工程存在水氟回升的现象，应进一步加强改水工程的管理。

Objective To make clear the fluorine content distribution in drinking water of residents in Hubei Province, draw a provincial distribution map of high-fluorine water and provide scientific basis for formulating refined prevention and control measures of drinking water type fluorosis in Hubei Province. Methods In 116 counties of Hubei Province, including development zones, scenic zones and farmlands, drinking water of residents was sampled according to different water supplies （centralized water supply, small centralized water supply in rural areas and decentralized water supply） from 2013 to 2015. For a centralized water supply, one sample was collected from the source water and the tap water each and at least 3 samples were collected for decentralized water supply in a village. Selective electrode method was used to detect the water fluorine content and ArcGIS 10.2 was used to draw distribution map of high-fluorine water at county level. Results A total of 38 284 water samples were collected, the median of fluorine content was 0.21 mg/L. The highest detective rate of all types of water supply with high fluorine content was pressure water well （64/100, 64.0%） and high-fluorine water sample was not found in the reservoir. The high-fluorine water sources from centralized water supplies were distributed dispersedly in the north-west and the east of Hubei Province and those from decentralized water supplies were distributed dispersedly in the middle-north and the east of Hubei Province. Conclusions Fluorine concentration in drinking water is generally low. However, there are still some high-fluorine water supplies which should be reported to Hubei Provincial Water Resources Department as soon as possible. Moreover, there is a phenomenon of fluorine rebounce in the water reduction project, and managements of those projects should be strengthened.