环境因素对软件产业集群效率的地区差异研究

A study of regional difference of environmental factors for software industry cluster efficiency

将四阶段DEA模型引入到软件产业集群效率的研究框架中,以2013年中国国家级35个软件产业园的数据为样本,测算了软件产业集群的技术效率、制度效率和规模效率。研究发现:外生环境因素对软件产业集群效率具有促进作用,这导致中国软件产业集群效率存在被高估的现象;控制考虑环境因素影响后,绝大多数软件园的技术效率均有所下降(32个,91.43%);对调整后的技术效率进行分解发现,大多数软件园(23个,65.17%)的技术效率无效源于纯技术无效,这进一步说明,代表着决策与管理水平的制度效率不高是制约中国软件产业集群效率提升的主要因素。东部软件园应该以合理安排资源配置、加强制度创新、技术创新、研发创新等科学化等措施为软件园建设的侧重点。中西部软件园应该加大规模投入力度,充分吸收东部投入要素的冗余。

The four -stage DEA model is introduced into the research framework by taking 35 software industry clusters in 2013 as a sample, to estimate the technical efficiency, system efficiency and scale efficiency of the software industry cluster. The study found out that exogenous environment factors on the efficiency of software industry cluster has a promoting effect, resulting in o- verrating of China~ software industry cluster efficiency ; after controlling the effect of environmental factors, the efficiency for most of the software parks are decreased （32 software parks, accounting for 91.43% ） ; by decomposing the adjusted technical effi- ciency, it is found that for most software parks （ 23 software parks, accounting for 65.17% ）, their technology invalidity is due to the pure technical invalidity, suggesting further that the system inefficiency which represents the levels of decision - making and management is the main factor which restricts the enhancement of efficiency for China＇s software industry cluster. For software parks in the eastern regions, they should focus on reasonable allocation of resources, strengthening of system innovation, techno- logical innovation, and research and development innovation as well as other scientific measures for software park construction. For the software parks in the central and western regions, they should enlarge investment scale and absorb fully the redundant in- puts from the eastern regions.