齐墩果酸抗糖尿病的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Oleanolic Acid in Treatment of Diabetes

糖尿病是由于糖代谢失调而导致的慢性疾病,现在全球糖尿病的发病人数已经占到成人总数的9%。糖尿病的病程长且没有特效的治疗药物使其成为严重危害公众健康的疾病之一。开发安全有效的降糖药物是解决这一世界顽疾的关键。中药及其提取物在治疗糖尿病的过程中有降糖效率高和无毒副作用的优势。近年来对多种治疗糖尿病及其并发症的中药研究后发现,齐墩果酸是其发挥降糖效应的重要单体。为阐明齐墩果酸抗糖尿病的作用机制,近年来有大量关于齐墩果酸抗糖尿病的研究发表。本文首先对齐墩果酸治疗糖尿病及其并发症的药理作用进行总结。随后,对齐墩果酸治疗糖尿病时如何调控糖原的合成与分解、促进胰岛素的产生和增强胰岛素效应的分子机制进行分析,并对齐墩果酸通过降低细胞内炎症因子和过氧自由基来改善糖尿病并发症的可能细胞通路进行探讨。最后,对应用齐墩果酸作为抗糖尿病药物中所存在的问题进行讨论,结合现在的研究结果提出了解决方法,并对如何进一步开发、生产和推广齐墩果酸作为治疗糖尿病临床用药提出了展望。

Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by disorder of glucose metabolism,and it has affected 9%of the total number of adults in the world. Long course and lack of efficient drugs make diabetes one of the severest diseases that bother the public health system. Developing a safe and effective hypoglycemic drug is the key to solve this problem. Traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs） and their extracts have unique advantages in treatment of diabetes,highly effective and with little side-effects. Clinical and experimental studies unveiled that oleanolic acid from TCM played the major role in its hypoglycemic effects. More and more researches have been published in these years to reveal the mechanism of oleanolic acid in diabetic treatment. At first,the pharmacological functions of oleanolic acid in treatment of diabetes and its complications were summarized in this paper. Subsequently,possible molecular mechanism of how oleanolic acid could modulate glycogenesis and glycogenolysis,promote insulin production,and enhance insulin effects were discussed,while the possible cellular pathways of oleanolic acid to improve the complications of diabetes by reducing the intracellular inflammatory factors and peroxy free radicals were investigated in this paper. Finally,the existing problems of oleanolic acid as an antidiabetic drug were discussed,and by considering the current research results,solutions were put forward,and prospects were given in terms of how to further develop,produce and promote oleanolic acid as a clinical drug for diabetes.