“关系”视域中农村留守儿童问题的社会工作生态介入

Ecological Intervention of Social work Pracices on the Problem of Rural Left-Behind Children through the Perspective of "Relationship Construction"

以"关系缺位"为特质的农村留守儿童问题是城乡二元结构约制和现代性蔓延的伴生物。借助"制度—关系—主体"分析框架,对当前农村留守儿童问题应对研究进行了综合性理论梳理,认为"关系为本"的治理实践是关系视角在社会工作中兴起的自然趋向。而"关系社会"的中国文化特质为社会工作的关系理论以及关系为本的实务方法应用于农村留守儿童问题提供了现实土壤。基于"关系社会"的本土语境,关系视角的核心理念,以及获取信任的"给面子"、"做人情"、"搭关系"概念,从生态学角度,以立体性方法介入留守儿童的总体生态性环境,即依托个案工作方法,促动留守家庭亲缘关系包容性发展;凭借小组工作策略,提高其集体融入意愿和社会交往能力;借助社区工作技巧,强化留守儿童非正式社区关系网络,进而使其在他助、互助与自助的生态关系建构中实现新发展。

The problems of left-behind children with the characteristics of "absence of relationship" are the companion of the urban-rural dual structure and the spread of modernity. Based on the analyzing framework of "system-relationship-subject", this article presents a comprehensive theory cardinal of the current rural left-behind children's problem-solving research,and argues that the practice of "relationship-oriented" governance is the natural tendency of the relationship perspective to rise in social work. The Chinese cultural root of ""Relational society " provides a realistic soil for applying the relation theory of social work and the relation-based practical approach to the problem of left-behind children in rural areas. Based on the local context of "Relational society", the core concept of the relationship perspective, as well as the concept of "face-giving", "a good turn" and "building relationship" to gain trust,from the aspect of ecology, to take the three-dimensional method to intervene in the overall ecological environment of the left-behind children, that is, relying on the case work method,promoting inclusive development of left-behind family kinship, enhancing their collective integration willingness and social interaction capacity through group work strategies; strengthening informal community relations networks of left-behind children with community work skills, thereby enabling them to achieve new development in the construction of the ecological relations between other-help, mutual-help and self-help.