农地抵押贷款发展中国家经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Farmland Mortgage in Developing Countries

笔者运用荟萃分析法,梳理了发展中国家在农地确权基础上推动的农地抵押贷款对农户信贷可得性的影响,发现:农地抵押贷款没有改善小农户的融资难问题、对大农户的融资难问题有部分缓解,农地处置边际交易成本高、农户的农地产权认知等是影响农地抵押效力的主要原因。印度经验显示,发展农地抵押贷款需要构建政策性银行、合作性金融机构和商业银行相结合的金融体系,并提供配套政策支持。发展中国家经验的启示是:农地确权不能自动提高农地抵押贷款的信贷供给效应,实现农地抵押贷款的信贷供给效应需要配套政策支持。发展农民信用合作组织、建立抵押农地和地上作物收益的处置制度、提高农业保险覆盖率、构建多元化的农地抵押贷款金融体系,可能是促进农地抵押贷款发展的有效措施。

This paper uses recta-analysis to sort out the credit supply effect of farmland title in developing countries. Results show that improvement in credit supply do not occur to small farmers. Some big farmers＇ credit ration problems are relieved. High transaction cost to sell farmland and farmers＇ property cognition is the main reason. Indian experience shows that a financial system that combines policy banks, cooperative financial institutions and commercial banks is necessary for developing farmland mortgage, policy support is also neces- sary for developing farmland mortgage. The enlightenment of the experience of developing country＇s farmland mortgage is as follows ： land title cannot automatically increase credit supply to farmers. Development of farm- land mortgage needs supporting policy. Foster farmers＇ own credit cooperative, establish the disposal institution of farmland and above-ground crops, increase the coverage rate of agricultural insurance and establish diversi- fied financial system of farmland mortgage may be the effective measures to promote the development of farm- land mortgage.