马克思的共产主义信仰形成之路

Karl Marx's Road to Belief of Communism

中国共产党人的信仰来自马克思主义,因此考察马克思信仰的形成对于当代中国共产党人来说具有重要意义。马克思的信仰之路跨越了四个阶段,分别是宗教信仰阶段、哲学信仰阶段、历史信仰阶段和科学信仰阶段,经历六种形态,分别是:宗教信仰阶段的浪漫理想主义形态;哲学信仰阶段前期的理性理想主义形态;哲学信仰阶段后期的理性现实主义形态;历史信仰阶段前期的感性现实主义或哲学历史主义形态;历史信仰阶段后期的实践唯物主义或历史唯物主义的"历史科学"形态;科学信仰阶段的社会历史观的唯物主义或历史唯物主义的"社会科学"形态。要对马克思主义进行整体研究,除了唯物史观、剩余价值理论和科学社会主义三个组成部分之外,还需要研究马克思的信仰所具有的独特性,正是马克思的信仰使马克思主义理论的所有知、情、意等碎片融合为一体。

The Chinese communists' faith comes from Marxism. Therefore, it is of great significance for contemporary Chinese Communists to study the formation of Marx's faith. Marx's road of faith crosses four stages, namely, the religious stage, the philosophical stage, the historical stage and the scientific stage. It goes through six forms:(1) the form of romantic idealism in the religious stage,(2) the form of rational idealism in the first part of the philosophical stage,(3) the form of rational realism in the second part of the philosophical stage,(4) the form of perceptual realism or philosophical historicism in the first part of the historical stage,(5) the "historical science" form of practical materialism or historical materialism in the second part of historical stage,(6) the social-historical materialism or the "social science" form of historical materialism in the scientific stage. In order to conduct a holistic study of Marxism, besides the three components of historical materialism, surplus-value theory and scientific socialism, studying the uniqueness of Marx's faith is also necessary. It is Marx's faith that brings together all the pieces of knowledge, emotion and determination of Marxist theory.