呼吸健康导向的健康社区设计探索——基于上海两个社区的模拟辨析

An Exploration of Respiratory-Health-Oriented Community Design: Based on Simulation Analysis of Two Communities in Shanghai

影响呼吸健康的因素众多且错综复杂,但从外源性角度,颗粒物暴露水平具有一定的环境可溯性和可控性。城市规划与设计可以通过控制和优化建成环境,减少污染源,调节空气颗粒物浓度和分布,并促进个体健康的生活方式。结合健康社区的理念、呼吸健康与城市空间要素的相关理论,确定影响大气颗粒物浓度和分布的重要空间要素。基于上海市肺癌病患数据和社会经济数据选取案例社区,通过案例社区的空间要素特征分析,采用计算流体力学的方法和软件,模拟风环境和PM_(2.5)分布,分析特定空间要素改变对颗粒物浓度和分布的影响,进而提出呼吸健康导向下社区层面的规划设计原则。

The exposure to particulate matter（PM） is identified as a traceable and controllable factor, while the risk factors for respiratory diseases are of complexity. Urban planning and design has the authority to reduce pollution, improve the distribution of PM concentration, and then encourage healthy living style in a way of adjusting urban built environment. This paper, therefore, selects significant spatial factors associated with PM concentration based on the concept of healthy community and relevant literature. Two case communities are compared based on the data of lung cancer patients in Shanghai and other social and economic data. The paper analyzes the features of significant spatial factors of the two case communities, adopts CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics） software to simulate the influence of spatial factors on PM distribution and then proposes certain planning and design principles to improve respiratory health at the community level.