铺膜插秧后水田3SCJ-1型除草机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of 3SCJ-1 Type Weeding Machine for Paddy Field Applied to Film Mulching and Transplanting

为实现铺膜插秧种植方式的有机水稻全程绿色无污染化作业,解决地膜两侧单行内杂草难以根除的问题,根据农艺要求,设计了一种针对铺膜插秧后除草作业的3SCJ-1型单行水田除草机。阐述了基本结构组成和工作原理,分析了除草部件的运动学与动力学特征,建立了除草部件、机架与仿形浮漂整体的力学模型,推导出除草机的驱动扭矩。以机器前进速度和除草深度为试验影响因素,除草率作为评价指标,对除草性能进行单因素田间试验,并运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对试验数据进行分析,得到影响因素与评价指标之间的数学模型。试验结果表明:当机器前进速度从0.3 m/s增大至0.6 m/s时,除草率先增大后减小,并在前进速度为0.45 m/s时,除草率达到最大值(78.52%);当除草深度从50 mm增大至110 mm时,除草率持续增大,但考虑到除草机的功耗,最佳除草深度取为50~100 mm,在除草深度为100 mm时,除草率为79.26%。除草机平均除草率为78.02%,满足铺膜插秧种植方式水田除草的农艺要求。

Rice mulching and transplanting technology is a great innovation in organic rice cultivation. It has many advantages such as temperature-increasing, water-holding, fertilizer-maintaining, improving physical and chemical properties, raising fertility, reducing weed growth, alleviating disease, increasing yield and so on. There are many researches about paddy weeding machine around the world, however, there is no mature weeding machine for mulching rice in paddy field. A new type of 3SCJ - lweeding machine was designed by using new weeding components for transplanting rice of organic rice. The motor power of the machine was provided by a two-stroke engine, which consisted frame, power transmission system, floater and compound weeding components, including walking wheel and weeding device. It achieved pulling and bury-pressing on weeds through the rotation of weeding device, kinematics and dynamics analysis of the weeding device were carried out at the same time. In June 2017, experiments were conducted in Wuchang by taking the forward speed and weeding depth as variables, and taking weeding rate as index. The results showed that when the forward speed was increased from 0.3 m/s to 0.6 m/s, the weeding rate was increased first and then decreased, and the weeding rate reached the maximun, which was 78.52% at the forward speed of 0.45 m/s; when the weeding depth was ranged from 50 mm to 110 mm, the weeding rate was increased continuously, however, considering the power consumption of weeding machine, the best weeding depth was 50 - 100 mm, and the weeding rate reached 79.26% at the weeding depth of 100 ram, the average weeding rate of the weeding machine was 78.02% , which could satisfy the weeding agronomic requirements of mulching paddy field.