东方钝绥螨与津川钝绥螨对烟粉虱卵及1龄若虫的功能反应比较

Functional Responses of Amblyseius orientalis and A. tsugawai to Eggs and 1^(st) Instars of Bemisia tabaci

烟粉虱是农作物、瓜果蔬菜以及观赏植物上的重要害虫,往往发生重、防治难。采用天敌防治针对性强且无毒无害,植绥螨作为防治烟粉虱较好的捕食性天敌,国际商品化程度高,但引进存在风险,希望发掘我国本土防治烟粉虱植绥螨优势种。在试验中发现,本地植绥螨优势种津川钝绥螨和东方钝绥螨对烟粉虱的卵及1龄若虫都具有一定捕食作用,为评价其捕食能力,本文研究了两者雌、雄成螨对烟粉虱的功能反应。结果表明,两种螨对烟粉虱的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型。津川钝绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵及1龄若虫的理论最大捕食量分别为19.6粒/d、10.7头/d,分别高于东方钝绥螨雌成螨53.5%、2.6%;其雄成螨对烟粉虱卵的理论最大捕食量为3.6粒/d,对烟粉虱1龄若虫几乎不取食,东方钝绥螨雄成螨的理论最大捕食量分别为3.3粒/d、4.3头/d。总体来说,津川钝绥螨比东方钝绥螨具有更强的捕食能力,有较好的应用前景。

Bemisia tabaci is an important agricultural pest that infests crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. It often causes severe injury and is hard to be efficiently controlled using pesticides. Biological control is an effective alternative of chemical control, and some Phytoseiid species are commercialized as biological control agents for B. tabaci. However, these species are aliens to China and may cause environmental risks if introduced inadequately. It is necessary to search native natural enemies of B. tabaci. Preliminary experiments showed that Amblyseius orientalis and A. tsugawai both preyed on eggs and 1 st instar immatures of B. tabaci. Functional response analyses were conducted to estimate their biological control potential. Both species showed Holling II type functional response to B. tabaci. The theoretical maximum daily consumption rate of A. tsugawai adult females to B. tabacieggs and 1^st instars were 19.6 and 10.7 per day, respectively, ca. 53.5% and 2.6% higher than those of A. orientalis. The theoretical maximum daily consumption rate of A. tsugawai to B. tabaci eggs was 3.6 per day, but males hardly preyed on 1 ^st instars. In contrast, this rate of A. orientalis to B. tabaci eggs and 1 st instars were 3.3 and 4.3 per day, respectively. Over all, A. tsugawai showed higher potential in preying B. tabaci than A. orientalis, and is the most potential native Phytoseiid species that might be used in B. tabaci control.