北京市不同类型喷灌设备应用效果试验

Application Effect Test of Different Types of Sprinkler Irrigation Equipment in Beijing City

选取北京市常用的半固定式喷灌设备和圆形喷灌机,在房山区窦店镇、密云区河南寨镇开展实地喷灌效果试验,从灌溉设备质量、灌溉强度、灌溉均匀度和灌溉前后的土壤水分变化等方面,对半固定式喷灌设备和圆形喷灌机应用效果进行分析。结果表明,半固定式喷灌设备喷灌均匀度为86.8%,圆形喷灌机喷灌均匀度为92.3%,与传统管灌相比,在冬小麦灌溉中应用半固定式喷灌设备和圆形喷灌机可分别节水1 514.55、1 771.2 m3hm2,节水率分别达到31.71%和34.88%。在产量方面,应用半固定式喷灌设备和圆形喷灌机可分别提高小麦产量0.45%和2.99%。结合设备应用成本和节水效果,建立了喷灌设备应用规模数学模型,结果显示,当连片灌溉面积超过22.08 hm2时,使用圆形喷灌机综合效益更高。试验结果为北京市进一步推广大田节水喷灌技术提供了理论依据和设备支撑。

Effect test of field sprinkler irrigation was carried out in Doudian town of Fangshan district and Henanzhai town of Miyun district by taking semi fixed sprinkler irrigation equipment and circular sprinkler that commonly used in Beijing as research object. Application effect of semi fixed sprinkler irrigation equipment and circular sprinkler was analyzed from quality of irrigation equipment,irrigation intensity,uniformity of irrigation,and soil moisture changes before and after irrigation etc. Results showed that uniformity of sprinkler irrigation of semi fixed sprinkler irrigation equipment was 86. 8%. Uniformity of sprinkler irrigation of circular sprinkler was 92. 3%. Compared with traditional pipe irrigation,amount of water saved was 1 514. 55 m3hm2 and 1 771. 2 m3hm2 by applying semi fixed sprinkler irrigation equipment and circular sprinkler during winter wheat irrigation.Water saving rate was reached 31. 71% and 34. 88%. In terms of production,test results showed that wheat yield increased by0. 45% and 2. 99% through the use of semi fixed sprinkler irrigation equipment and circular sprinkler. At the same time,application scale mathematical model of sprinkler irrigation equipment was established combined with application cost and water saving effect of equipment. Results showed that the use of circular sprinkler was more efficient when area of continuous irrigation was more than 22. 08 hm2. Experimental results provided theoretical basis and equipment support for further extension of water saving irrigation technology in Beijing city.