译制日本:变化中的日本动漫译制模式与日本想象

Translating Japan: The Changing Translation Modes of Japanese Anime and the Imagination of a Foreign Nation

日本动漫自20世纪80年代进入中国,对中国的＂80后＂＂90后＂产生了重大影响。日本动漫进入中国后的近40年间,由于译制主体从官方到民间的更替,借由动漫而塑造的关于日本的异国想象也随之发生变化。在官方译制时期,日本的形象塑造受官方控制,随着中日关系的变动而发生改变;在民间译制时期,中国的动漫粉丝群体开始越过官方,融合日本的＂萌＂＂腐＂文化和本土流行文化,创造出与官方引导的日本形象有所不同的、多元的日本想象。本文认为,译制并不是一种简单的、中性的跨文化传输过程,而是一种极富主体性的文化挪用行为。译制过程不仅受制于政治和经济的考量,同时渗透着译制主体对译制客体的欲望和幻想,并直接关系到异国想象的建构。

Ever since it was introduced to China in early 1980s, Japa- nese anime has greatly influenced Chinese post 80s and 90s generations. The translation of Japanese anime in China in the past four decades has undergone a shift from official dubbing to fansubbing, coinciding with significant changes in the imagination of Japan through anime. While the popular imagination of Japan used to be controlled by the state during the era of official dubbing,during the fansubbing era, Chinese fans of Japanese anime have combined el- ements of moe culture, rotten culture, and indigenous pop culture to create diverse images of Japan that are remarkable different from those produced by the official media. This article argues that translation is not a simple, neutral mode of intercultural transmission, but a subjective process of cultural appro- priation. The process of translation is not only subject to the control of politi- cal and economic factors, but shot through with translators＇ desire for and fan- tasy of the object of translation, and is directly related to the construction of the image of a foreign nation.