由“编码/解码”走向“表征”——重读斯图亚特·霍尔的《编码/解码》

20世纪80年代,斯图亚特·霍尔的文化研究范式发生转变,＂编码/解码＂理论也随之淡出文化研究领域。通过对初稿Encoding and decoding in the television discourse（1973）与终稿Encoding/Decoding（1980）文本的对比分析,我们可以清晰地看到霍尔在1973~1980年,通过对列维-斯特劳斯、早期符号学和语言学的重新启用,以及对葛兰西的再发现,扬弃了＂编码/解码＂理论。他不仅由此发展出了自己的＂接合理论＂,为当时＂文化主义＂与＂结构主义＂僵持不下的局面找到了一条新的路径,而且,也通过话语理论关注了福柯,成为他后期＂表征理论＂的重要源泉。完善后的＂编码/解码＂理论,更多局限于传播学,而霍尔借此萌发出的＂表征理论＂,成为他日后文化研究的重要视角。

In 1980s, there was a paradigm shift of Stuart Hall＇s cultural research, and the ＂Encoding/Decoding＂ theory also faded out in the area of cultural studies. By comparing the initial edition of Encoding and decoding in the television discourse （1973） with the final edition of Encoding/Decoding（1980） , we can see clearly that from 1973 to 1980, by reusing the theory of Levi-Strauss, early semiotics and linguistics and Gramsci, Hall revised the ＂Encoding/Decoding＂ theory. He not only developed his own theory of Rep- resentation, pointed out a new solution for the stalemate between ＂cultural- ism＂ and ＂structuralism＂, but also focused on his Foueauh by referring to the discourse theory which became an important source of his Representation theory later. The refined ＂Encoding/Decoding＂ theory was mainly confined to the field of Communication Studiest, whereas the ＂ Representation＂ theory became an important perspective of Hall＇s cultural studies.