2079名入伍新兵骨密度现况调查及影响因素病例对照研究

A case-control study of bone mineral density and its influencing factors in 2079 recruits

目的了解入伍新兵骨密度(BMD)水平及其相关影响因素。方法对武警某新训团2015年2079名入伍新兵行骨密度测定,利用美国Alara公司双能X线骨密度测定仪测量非惯用手的第2、3、4手指相对骨密度,根据骨密度结果,采用1∶1病例对照研究,选取骨密度低下组及正常组进行调查问卷,对其膳食营养、生活方式及习惯进行回顾性调查,探索骨密度的影响因素。结果调查共纳入2079名入伍新兵,骨密度正常占44.78%,T值:-0.36±0.62;骨密度中等占50.51%,T值:-1.57±0.38;骨密度低下占4.71%,T值:-2.82±0.39。Logistic回归分析显示,高动物性膳食(OR=3.435)、每日上网时间过长(OR=1.246)是骨密度的危险因素,饮用乳制品(OR=0.296)、运动时间长(OR=0.549)是骨密度的保护因素。结论入伍新兵存在骨量偏低的情况,建议早期进行规范化的骨质健康管理,普及相关知识,优化饮食结构,建立良好生活习惯,适度运动,促进获得良好的骨峰值。

Objective To find out about the charateristics of bone mineral density （BMD） and its influencing factors among 2079 recruits. Methods Recruits of Armed Police Force in Tianjin were selected as subjects. Their BMD was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry（DXA）. A normal group and low bone mineral density group were selected according to the results of bone mineral density and the methord of 1：1 case-control analysis. Questionnaires were used to investigate their dietary nutrition and lifestyles. One-way ANOVA, chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of BMD. Results In total, 2079 military recruits underwent a DXA scan. Normal bone mineral density accounted for 44.78%, and T value was -0.36 ± 0.62. Medium bone mineral density made up 50.51%, and T value was - 1.57 ±0.38. Low bone mineral density accounted for 4.71%, and T value was - 2.82 ±0.39. Single factor analysis suggested that body weight, BMI, movement time, sports venues, spending too much time online all had influences on bone mineral density. Muhiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that high animal diet （ OR = 3. 435 ）, spending too much time online （ OR = 1. 246） were the risk factors for bone density. Dairy consumption （ OR = 0. 296） and movement time （ OR = 0.549） were positively associated with bone mineral density. Conclusion There is a low bone mass in the recruits. We suggest that scientific and standardized management, popularization of knowledge, healthy diet and living habits are necessary to promote good bone peaks.