不同加工方式绞股蓝皂苷类成分比较研究

Comparison of saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves prepared by different processing methods

为了探讨不同加工方式对绞股蓝化学成分的影响,该实验采用超高效液相与串联四极杆飞行时间质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术,对阴干（未杀青）和滚筒干燥（杀青）等2种不同加工方式绞股蓝样品开展化学成分比较研究,通过对照品比对、液相色谱串联多级质谱（liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MSn）碎片信息以及结合文献数据,共指认绞股蓝皂苷类成分46个,在各质谱峰面积统计的基础上采用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）,统计结果表明8批绞股蓝样品依据阴干和滚筒干燥2种不同加工方式聚为两大类,偏最小二乘法-判别分析（partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）结合质谱鉴定信息,提取并鉴定出差异性皂苷类成分10个,结果表明,滚筒干燥样品所含皂苷类成分母核多含3-4个糖,而阴干样品母核多含1-2个糖,进一步的质谱数据解析推测,绞股蓝阴干过程中皂苷类成分在葡萄糖苷酶等的作用下发生脱糖生成次生苷从而导致成分差异。以上研究结果为绞股蓝的采收加工以及质量控制提供数据支撑。

To investigate the differences of chemical compositions in Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves prepared by different processing methods. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（ UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to compare the chemical compositions between shade-dried processing and drum-dried processing. Forty six gypenosides were identified by control comparison,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（ LC-MSn） fragmentation information,and literature data. The mass spectral peak area statistics was combined with principal component analysis（ PCA）,and the results showed that eight batches of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves samples were divided into two groups according to the two different processing methods; ten chemical compositions with significant differences were screened according to mass spectrum information combined with partial least-squares discriminant analysis（ PLS-DA）. The result showed that most parent nucleus of the gypenosides contained three to four glycosides in drum-dried samples,and one to two glycosides in the shade-dried samples. It was inferred from further MS analysis that desugarization of gypenosides was present to produce secondary glycosides with the effect of glucosidase in the shade-drying,thus resulting in difference in compositions. This study provided data support for harvesting,processing and quality control of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves.