《回回药方》脾胃病方药规律探析

Research into the Regularity of Prescriptions for Spleen and Stomach Diseases in Medicinal Formulas of the Hui People

通过对《回回药方》中脾胃病常用方剂的研究,整理总结出《回回药方》中治疗胃经、脾经、肝经病证为主的方剂171首,其中内用膏剂为主,用方153首,外拓药疗法,用方5首,方剂主治病证涉及26种。同时,结合方剂分析《回回药方》脾胃病病机主要有气候因素,即感受寒湿之邪,因冷、白痰、黑血生的证侯;情志因素:因情志不畅致肝经气机郁滞,出现肝经坚实或疼痛,犯及脾胃等;体质因素,即禀质气性衰败、先天禀赋不足,禀性有冷,或脾胃气力不足,恶润堆积等。从使用频次居于前15位的药物特点可以看出,药物主要分为芳香化湿、温中散寒、活血化瘀三类,具有辛香走窜、散寒通络、活血化瘀止痛等特点,是中国回族医药学防治脾胃病证的特效药味,即印证了《回回药方》对脾胃病病机的认识,对于《回回药方》脾胃病的诊疗亦具有较好的临床指导作用,也是脾胃病防治用药的较好选择。

Through the study on common prescriptions for spleen and stomach diseases in Medicinal Formulas of the Hui People,171 prescriptions mainly for the treatment of stomach,spleen and liver meridian syndromes were summarized,of which the inner plaster was the main with 153 prescriptions,and 5 prescriptions were about the extension of drug therapy. The prescriptions involved 26 kinds of syndromes. Meanwhile,based on the prescriptions,pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases in Medicinal Formulas of the Hui People mainly covered climate,emotion and mind as well as constitution. As for climate,it meant syndromes from coldness,white sputum and dark blood contracted by pathogenic cold-dampness. As for emotion and mind,it meant constraint and stagnation of the qi mechanism in liver channel because of poor state of emotion and mind,hence hardness or pain appeared in liver channel and invaded the stomach. As for constitution,it meant physical deterioration,insufficiency of natural endowment,cold natural disposition,insufficient qi or strength in the spleen and stomach,accumulated evil moisture and so on. From the characteristics of the top 15 drugs,they are mainly divided into 3 categories： aromatic medicinal removing dampness,drugs warming the center and dissipating cold,drugs invigorating blood and dissolving stasis,all had the characteristics of releasing spicy smell,dissipating cold and unblocking the collaterals,invigorating blood,dissolving stasis and relieving pain. They are specific drugs in the prevention and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Hui medicine and verified the understanding of pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases in Medicinal Formulas of the Hui People. It also provides good clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach disease in Medicinal Formulas of the Hui People,and is also a good choice for the prevention and treatment of spleen and stomach disease.