谈谈日本国内有关汉语声调的习得研究--以公共汉语课为对象

On the research of Japanese's acquiring Chinese Tone in Japan:Aiming at the common lessons of Chinese in Japanese university

日本国、公、私三种类型的782所大学,一般都规定在校本科生除了必修的英语以外,还要从几种外语中选择一门语言作为第二外语来学习。这种课程在日本有很多的叫法,以汉语为例:二外汉语、初修汉语、公共汉语(本文采用此叫法)。公共汉语课的教学效果与阅读能力和写作能力相比,学生在语音能力方面的成长状况不尽如人意。不少学生学了一年公共汉语课却连简单的汉语都听不懂、说不好,甚至因此失去了学习的兴趣。究其原因,汉语语音习得中的"声调难"问题是影响学生习得效果的主要原因。本文以日本大学开设的公共汉语课为对象,以汉语声调为焦点,对近二十年来日汉语语音习得研究做了概括总结。在肯定了前人研究成果的同时,指出了目前解决"声调难"问题所面临的困难(瓶颈),并介绍了近年来的一些新的研究方法。

The main place of teaching Chinese in Japan is the common lessons of Chinese in Japanese university. However, the teaching effects don＇ t come up to expectations, especially in the achievement of speech ability. The representative reason is the difficulty of tones. This work aims at the common lessons of Chinese in Japanese university with the focus on Chinese Tones, and summarizes the researches of Japanese＇ s acquiring Chinese speech in Japan to date. Furthermore, three bottleneck problems blocking the research of tone acquirement have been revealed with proposals to improvements.