深水钻井重大事故防控技术研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect for serious accident prevention and control technology of deep water drilling

深水钻井具有水深大、离岸远、自然环境恶劣、人员设施集中、作业地层风险高等特点,因此钻井井控事故应急救援难度大。本文从普遍的井喷事故和南海特有的台风事故防控技术着手,重点阐述了井喷早期溢流智能预警技术、水下井口应急封堵技术、深水救援井技术及深水钻井防台策略和应对方案等技术研究进展。展望了我国深水钻井重大事故防控技术下一步研究方向,主要包括深水油气开采重大安全事故演化灾变机理研究、深水井喷智能预警技术研究、水下应急封井装置研制、深水救援井设计和作业技术体系建设、适合南海海况的新型防台应急技术及装备研究、深水油气开采事故应急救援平台搭建等方面。本文成果可为我国深水油气开采重大事故防控技术研究提供参考。

The deep water drilling faces enormous risks and challenges,such as the deep water depth,platforms far from the land,drilling in harsh environment and densely distributed staff and facilities and high drilling risks from formations,upgrading the difficulty of emergency rescue of out-of-control wells.In this work,on the basis of the prevention and control technology for general well blowout accidents and typhoon accidents only in the South China Sea,the research progress of the intelligent early-warning technology for kick in early blowouts,the underwater emergency well blocking technology,the deep water relief well technology,and typhoon-resistant schemes and solutions for deep water drilling,etc.have been elaborated.And the further research direction of the prevention and control technologies for major deep water drilling accidents has been provided,mainly including the research of mechanism of evolution and deterioration of major safety accidents on deep water oil gas production,research of deep water blowouts-based intelligent early warning technology,manufacturing of underwater emergency water plugging equipment,design of deep water relief wells and construction of the operations system,research of new-type typhoon-resistant emergency technology and equipment suitable for the sea state of the South China Sea,building-up of emergency rescue platforms to tackle deep water oil gas production accidents,etc..The achievements in our work can provide reference for the research of prevention and control of major deep water oil gas production accidents in China.