宫颈癌发病机制中精准医学的研究进展

Progress of precision medicine about cervical canacer pathogenesis

宫颈癌为女性生殖系统三大恶性肿瘤之一,发病机制复杂,其中与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)的持续感染密切相关。精准医学自2015年被正式提出以来,在基因组学、蛋白质组学和表观遗传学等层面探究宫颈癌的发病机制,并利用生物大数据综合分析推动宫颈癌的诊治。HPV DNA与人类基因组整合是宫颈癌发生关键点;多种基因的序列及拷贝数异常所致的基因表达特点改变与宫颈癌发生、发展和预后关系的研究备受关注,不同类型宫颈癌分子表达特点日渐清晰;甲基化异常和非编码RNA尤其是长链非编码RNA方面的表观遗传学研究成果备受瞩目。宫颈癌精准理论的发展将为临床精确治疗奠定基础,在宫颈癌有关基础研究和临床发展方面,精准医学具有广阔前景,有望使宫颈癌成为第一个可以预防的肿瘤,但如何将众多精准医学技术成果综合运用、转化为临床实践仍是需要解决的问题。

Cervical cancer,which is one of the most three dangerous malignant neoplasms in femeal genital systerm,has an intricate pathogenesis,especially tightly related to sustained infection of HPV.Since precision medicine has been raised formally from 2015,pathogenesis of cervical cancer has been investigated deeply in the fields of genomics,proteomics and epigenetics,and it promotes diagnosis and treatment with aggregate analysis of big biological data.The mechanism of integration between HPV DNA and human DNA is one of the keys to reveal the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer.Research about the relationship between the gene expression feature changes resulted by sequence or copy number variation in many genes and the occurrence,development,prognosis of cervical cancer attracts more attention,meanwhile molecule expression feature of various cervical cancer types is becoming more and more clear day by day.The researches about methylation abnormalities,non-coding RNA especially lnc-RNA are fully focused.Development of cervical cancer precise theory makes a great contribution to precision clinical practice,precision medcine displays us a vast foreground in basic research and clinical development of cervical cancer,and it is possible to make cervical cancer the first tumor which could be prevent.However,how to transfer the precision medcine theoretical achievement into clinical practice still need us to pay great efforts.