短期摄入不同纤维源对猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质的影响

Effect of Short-Term Feeding of Different Fibrous Sources on Growth Performance,Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Growing Pigs

【目的】旨在探究生长猪短期摄入20%不同纤维源对其生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及养分消化率的影响。【方法】选用27头体重相近的(37.91±1.95)kg杜洛克×长白×约克夏(DLY)三元杂交生长猪,采用单因子试验设计,按体重无差异原则随机分为5个处理,对照组(CON)和20%小麦麸组(WB)各6个重复,20%大豆纤维组(SF)、20%豌豆纤维组(PF)和20%燕麦麸组(OB)各5个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验为期28 d。【结果】:(1)与对照组相比,SF组猪末重显著降低(P<0.05),ADG有降低趋势(P=0.08),ADFI极显著降低(P<0.01);PF组ADFI显著降低(P<0.05);(2)不同纤维源组生长猪胴体重,屠宰率,胴体长,眼肌面积均无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,OB与PF组猪平均背膘厚显著降低(P<0.05);(3)不同纤维源组生长猪背肌红度a~*、亮度L~*、pH24h、滴水损失及蒸煮损失均无显著差异(P>0.05);与CON组相比,WB和SF组猪背肌大理石纹评分显著降低(P<0.05),PF组背肌大理石纹评分有降低趋势(P=0.053),WF组背肌黄度值b~*,OB组pH45min和剪切力值均显著降低(P<0.05);(4)不同纤维源对生长猪血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,PF组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,载脂蛋白B(APOB)浓度显著升高(P<0.05),WB和SF组血清APOA1显著降低(P<0.05),此外SF组甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05),OB组APOB极显著升高(P<0.01);(5)与CON组相比,WB及OB组猪总能(GE),干物质(DM),粗脂肪(EE),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率显著增加(P<0.05);SF组,PF组GE及DM消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),粗蛋白(CP)消化率显著降低(P<0.01),EE,粗纤维(CF),ADF及NDF消化率显著增加(P<0.05);与两种麦麸相比,摄入两种豆类纤维的猪GE,CP,EE,NDF消化率显著降低(P<0.05),但ADF消化率显著增加(P<0.05)。【结论】在生长阶段,短期内饲喂20%小麦麸、燕麦麸及豌豆纤维对猪生长性能、胴体性状影响不明显,20%大豆纤维降低猪生长性能,肉品质指标表现出的变化可能与纤维引起的机体脂质转运与代谢有关。短期内饲喂不同纤维源均可提高猪的养分消化率,且麦麸类纤维的作用优于豆类纤维。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term feeding of 20% differentfibrous sources on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and nutrient digestibility of growingpigs.【Method】A total of 27 healthy DurocxLandracexYorkshire （DLY） growing pigs （37.91±1.95） kgwere randomly allotted to 5 groups with similar average body weight and fed basal diet （CON, 6 replicates）,20% wheat bran （WB, 6 replicates）, soybean fiber （SF, 5 replicates）, pea fiber （PF, 5 replicates） and oat bran（OB, 5 replicates） supplemented diet for 28 days, respectively. 【Result】Co±mpared with CON group, SFsignific-antly decreased the finial weight（P〈0.05） and ADFI（P〈0.01） and tended to decrease ADG（P=0.08）of pigs. The ADGI of pigs in PF group was also significantly reduced（P〈0.05）. No significant differencesin the carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length and eye muscle area of pigs were found betweenthe four fiber-supplemented groups（P〉0.05）. However, the average back fat thickness of pigs in PF andOB groups was lower than that of CON group（P〈0.05）. No significant differences in the red value（a＊）,brightness value（L＊）, pH24h, drip loss and cooking loss of longissimus muscle were found between thefour fiber-supplemented groups（P〉0.05）. Compared with CON group, the marbling score of longissimusmuscle in WB（P〈0.01） and SF group（P〈0.05） was significantly decreased, there was a decreasing trend inPF group （P=0.053）. In addition, pH45min and shear force of longissimus muscle of pigs in OB group, and theyellow value （b＊） of WB group were significant decreased （P〈0.05）. No significant differences in thelow-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in the serum of pigs were found between the fourfiber-supplemented groups（P〉0.05）. Compared with CON, the concentration of apolipoprotein B wasfound significantly increased in both PF（P〈0.05） and OB group（P〈0.01） The serum high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol of pigs in PF group was also significantly increased（P〈0.05）. Compared withCON group, the digestibility of gross energy（GE）, dry matter （DM）, ether extract （EE）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） were significantly higher in WB and OB group（P〈0.05）, while thedigestibility of EE, crude fiber （CF）, ADF and NDF were higher in SF and PF group（P〈0.05）. Additionally,compared with WB and OB group, the digestibility of ADF of SF and PF group showeda significantincreasing, while the digestibility GE, crude protein （CP）, EE and NDF were decreased（P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】The short -term feeding of 20% dietary wheat bran, pea fiber and oat bran fiber may notremarkably affect the growth performance and carcass traits of growing pigs. On the other hand, thesupplement of 20% dietary soybean fiber may decrease the growth performance of pigs. The alteration ofmeat quality may be related to the body lipid transport and metabolism induced by dietary fiber. In general,short-term feeding of 20% fibrous sources can improve the nutrient digestibility of growing pigs, and wheat-like bran may present a better effect than that of legumes fibers.