汉晋时期西域汉文化在西藏西部传播的考古学观察

The Transmission of Western Regions Han Culture to Western Tibet in Han-Jin Period under the View of Archaeology

西汉至东汉初,西藏西部地区出土的腰牌、木梳等竹木器,应是受到西域本地文化影响的结果;以箱式木棺为代表的西域汉文化对西藏西部的影响尚有限;圜底陶器、珠饰等揭示两地间的文化交流应是间接的。东汉至魏晋时期,西藏西部出土大量受到西域汉文化因素影响的丝绸、漆器、一字格铁剑、铜容器、四足箱式木棺等,说明两地间文化交流十分频繁,可能存在直接的贸易往来。黄金面具、岩画、立石等显示西藏西部与广义上的西域也有紧密的联系,故将西藏西部视为丝绸之路南道高原段应是合理的。

From the Western Han Dynasty to early Eastern Han Dynasty, the wooden and bamboo objects like waist signs and combs unearthed in western Tibet might have been affected by local culture of Western Regions, while the Han culture of western Regions represented by box-type wooden coffin had limited effect on this region. Potteries of surrounding-bottom and beads revealed the indirect cultural exchange between these two areas. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei-Jin period, large amount of objects including silk article, lacquerware, iron sword with line-style handguard, bronze container, and box-type wooden coffin with four legs, and others were unearthed in western Tibet, reflecting the frequent cultural exchange and possible direct trade contacts. The golden masks, rock paintings and standing stones showed a close communication between the western Tibet and the broadly defined Western Regions.Therefore it's reasonable to take the western Tibet as the plateau section of the south route of the Silk Road.