开关柜电弧故障及其测量方法研究

Research on Switchgear Arc Discharge Fault and Its Measurement

开关柜在电力系统有大量的应用,对其电弧故障的快速检测及切除是一项非常重要的工作。目前对开关柜故障的研究大都集中在对其局部放电的检测方面,而忽略对电弧故障的产生、发展以及各类检测方法的研究。提出母线等导体连点处的接触点接触不良是造成电弧故障产生的重要原因,在此基础上,分析了因接触点接触不良导致接触电阻变大,并在负荷电流变化时产生热应力的作用下形成恶性循环、最终发展成电弧故障的过程。然后,综述了多种常用的电弧故障检测方法,包括电磁发射、声音发射、光发射、化学发射以及热发射等检测方法。最后,通过搭建开关柜故障电弧测量平台,采用特高频传感器、超声传感器、RF天线、高频CT、微分电场传感器和紫外传感器等多种传感器实现对电弧故障的测量,并给出了试验结果。

Switchgears are widely applied in power system, and rapid detection of arc fault and its removal is a very important work. At present, most researches on switchgear faults focus on partial discharge detection, ignoring inception and development of arc fault and research of various detection methods. This paper proposes that poor contact of busbars and other conductor linking points is an important reason for arc fault development. Therefore, contact resistance of contact parts is increased, and thermal stress is generated due to load current changes. Formation of a vicious circle is eventually developed into arc fault process. Several common arc fault detection methods are reviewed, including electromagnetic, sound, light, chemical and thermal emissions. Finally, an arc fault measurement system based on various sensors （UHV, ultrasonic di？erential electric ？eld and ultraviolet）, RF antenna and high-frequency CT is developed to measure arc fault, and test results are given.