十堰市儿童哮喘患病情况调查及影响因素

Investigation on childhood asthma and its influence factors in Shiyan City

目的调查十堰市儿童哮喘患病情况,分析其影响因素,为十堰市儿童哮喘防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样调查方法,将十堰市1 420例0~14岁儿童根据哮喘是否发病将其分为哮喘组与非哮喘组两组,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析方法,分析儿童哮喘发生的影响因素。结果 1 420份调查问卷有效回收率为97.89%,男女比例为1.33∶1,男女患病率比例1.72∶1。单因素分析结果显示,不同家族哮喘史、早产、过敏史、湿疹史、过敏性鼻炎史、居住环境、益生菌添加、添加钙剂及维生素D、近期呼吸道感染、咳嗽等儿童哮喘发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家族过敏史、居住环境灰尘大、过敏性鼻炎史是影响儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素,益生菌添加持续6个月以上、添加钙剂及维生素D持续1年以上是儿童哮喘发生的保护性因素。结论十堰市14岁以下儿童哮喘发病率较高,应针对其发病影响因素采取积极有效的预防及控制措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of asthma in children in Shiyan city and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide some references for the prevention and treatment of asthma in Shiyan City. Methods Using cluster random sampling method,1 420 children aged 0-14 years in Shiyan were divided into two groups according to the onset of asthma. They were divided into asthmatic group and non asthmatic group. The influencing factors of childhood asthma were analyzed by multifactor and unconditional Logistic regression analysis. Results（1） The effective recovery rate of 1 420 questionnaires was 97. 89%,the proportion of men and women was 1. 33 ∶ 1,and the proportion of male and female prevalence was 1. 72 ∶ 1.（2） Single factor analysis results show that different family history of asthma,allergies,eczema,premature birth history,a history of allergic rhinitis,living environment,probiotics add,add calcium and vitamin D,recent respiratory tract infection,cough and asthma morbidity in children,the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）.（3）Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergies,dust in the living environment and allergic rhinitis history were independent risk factors for asthma in children,probiotics added for more than six months,calcium and vitamin D added for more than one years were protective factors for asthma in children.Conclusion The incidence of asthma in children under 14 years old in Shiyan City is high,and positive and effective preventive and control measures should be taken according to the influencing factors of asthma.