农作物病虫害气象指数保险发展思路

Development Ideas of Meteorological Index Insurance for Crop Pests and Diseases

病虫害是中国农作物面临的重要灾害之一。为解决现有病虫害保险产品在保险责任界定模糊、起赔点设定不一以及道德风险、逆向选择等设计与运行方面的局限性,提出运用气象指数型保险进行病虫害风险管理的新思路。病虫害气象指数保险设计思路可概括为数据的获取与整理、病虫害减产量的确定、病虫灾害气象因子的选取和指数构建以及保险纯费率的厘定4个部分。未来,在农作物病虫害气象指数保险的研究中,应加强气象学、植物保护学、保险学及农学等跨学科领域间的合作,科学量化病虫害减产量,并且重视政府、保险公司以及农户之间的信息交流。

Pests and diseases are one of the important disasters in China. In order to solve the limitation of design and operation of existing pests and diseases insurance products, such as fuzzy definition of insurance liability, different setting points, moral hazard, adverse selection and so on, the authors put forward a new idea of using the meteorological index insurance for pests and diseases risk management, which can be summarized as the following four parts： acquisition and collation of data, determination of the production reduction caused by pests and diseases, the selection of meteorological factors of pests and disasters and the construction of index, and the affirmance the pure rate of insurance. In the future, in the study of meteorological index insurance for crop pests and diseases, we should strengthen the cooperation among meteorology, plant conservation, insurance and agronomy, and other interdisciplinary fields, scientifically quantity the production reduction caused by pests and diseases, and pay attention to the information exchange between the government, the insurance company and the farmers.