中美玉米种植成本比较与分析

Comparison and Analysis of Maize Planting Cost between China and America

运用1998—2016年中美玉米种植成本数据,比较分析两国玉米种植成本的水平差异和结构差异。分析结果表明,中国玉米种植成本增长速度高于美国,玉米种植已由低成本优势变为高成本劣势;中国玉米种植成本以间接成本为主,美国玉米种植成本结构相对均衡;不同成本项目在不同时期的变动规律各不相同。同时指出,生产规模、生产方式、科技含量和保障手段的不同是造成中美玉米种植成本差异的主要原因。最后,借鉴美国玉米种植成本控制经验,提出了未来中国玉米种植成本的优化路径。

According to the data of maize planting cost of China and America from 1998 to 2016, an analysis was made to compare the quantity and the structure ofmaize planting cost between China and America. The results showed that： the planting cost of maize in China grew faster than that in America, and planting maize in China had been changed from advantage with lower cost to inferiority with higher cost; the cost structure in China was dominated by indirect costs, and that in America was relatively balanced; the changing rules of different cost items had different points in different periods between China and America. At the same time, it was pointed out that the di^srence in production scale, production mode, the content of science and technology and the guarantee means were the main reasons of causing the di^srence in the cost of maize planting between China and the United States. Finally, based on the experience of cost control for maize planting in the United States, the optimization path of China＇s maize planting cost in the future was put forward.