东道国受外国控制公司在国际投资争端解决中的法律地位

The Host Country's Legal Status of Foreign Controlled Companies in the Settlement of International Investment Disputes

为了解决国际投资争端,世界银行设立了"解决投资争端国际中心"(ICSID),《解决一国与他国国民间投资争端公约》对ICSID的管辖范围作出详细规定。如果东道国的法律实体存在受外国控制的情形,公约允许其以另一缔约国国民的身份向ICSID提出仲裁请求,但是必须满足规定条件。结合ICSID的仲裁实践对这些条件进行分析和解读,这些分析包括直接外国控制的认定,东道国法律实体受外国控制是否包括间接控制,多个股东时的外国控制认定以及认定存在外国控制的时间点。得出的研究结论是,由于公约对相关条件未作出明确规定,仲裁庭通常根据个案情况作出与外国控制有关的管辖权裁决,其中不乏共识性裁决。

The World Bank set up International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes（ICSID） in order to solve the international investment dispute. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States provides detailed provisions for the scope of the ICSID＇ s jurisdiction. If a host country＇ s legal entity is subject to foreign control, the convention allows it to submit an arbitration request to ICSID as a member of another Contracting State, but it must meet the prescribed conditions. The authors mainly analyze and interpret these conditions with the practice of ICSID arbitration. These analyses include the identification of direct foreign control, whether the host country＇ s legal entities are subject to foreign con- trol, including indirect control, the identification of foreign controls by multiple shareholders, and the identifi- cation of time points for the existence of foreign control. The conclusion is that because the Convention does not specify the relevant conditions, the arbitral tribunal usually makes jurisdiction decisions relating to foreign control based on individual cases, and there are many consensus rulings.