话语研究的方法论和研究方法

Methodologies and Methods of Discourse Studies

本文从"方法论"和"研究方法"两个概念的辨析入手,回顾了经验主义、实证主义、诠释主义等社会科学方法论的历时演变,阐述了话语研究方法论的基础定位、四个维度(哲学假设和认知立场、探究逻辑、实践指南、社会政治承诺)和多种研究方法的选择(实证主义、语言学、诠释主义),重点例析了会话分析、话语分析和批评话语分析三种话语研究的特点和研究方法,最后介绍了话语研究的方法程序。本文的系统梳理和介绍,有助于话语研究者厘清方法论与研究方法两个概念,并在优选话语研究方法时更为得法恰当,以奏事半功倍之效。

This paper focuses on the study of the basis and roles of Discourse Studies methodology. Four dimensions of methodology, i.e. philosophical assumptions and stances, inquiry logic, guidelines for practice and sociopolitical commitments, and three approaches, i.e. positivist, linguistics and interpretivist approaches are introduced and compared. Specifically, this paper explicates the features and methods, of three Discourse Studies, i.e. Conversation Analysis, Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis and the research procedures. By clarifying the differences between methodology and method, this paper may help researchers better choose appropriate methods in their discourse studies.